Linux Shell Commands for Absolute Beginners using Ubuntu 20x

Description

As part of this course, you will learn most of the important Linux commands that can come in handy while working in Linux-based environments.

Here are the high-level details of the Linux Commands that are covered as part of this hands-on course.

You will get started by having an appropriate environment to practice. Windows users can set up Ubuntu 20.04 using wsl.
Once the environment is ready, you will understand how to get started with basic Linux Commands.
The most commonly used command in Linux is ls. It is used to list the files. We will see different variations of ls by going through all the relevant arguments.
One of the powerful Linux commands and also my favorite is “find“. It helps us to filter the files and directories based on name, type, modified time, etc. You will learn how to use the find command effectively from the perspective of finding the files based on the criteria.
As we understand how to get details related to files and folders in Linux, we will go through the details related to previewing the data in files using important Linux commands such as cat, tail, more, etc. Also, we will review Linux commands such as cut, sort, uniq to process the data. All these commands are typically used against text files.
After going through details related to ls, find commands as well as commands related to processing data in files, we will walk you through the details related to file and folder properties in Linux. You will get an overview of commands such as useradd, userdel, chmod, etc which are typically associated with file permissions.
One of the key aspects related to files and folders is to manage them effectively. We will go through the details about managing files and folders using Linux commands such as cp for copy, mv for move or rename, rm for delete or remove, tar to build uncompressed as well as compressed tar balls. Also, you will get a taste of the awk command to automate some of the common tasks such as reorganizing the files based on patterns.
The core components of a computer are nothing but CPU, Memory, and Storage. In this section or module, you will be learning Linux commands such as lscpu to get CPU details, free to get memory details, and then df and du to get storage details.
At times, we need to make sure the data is in files as well as codebase to troubleshoot the production issues or bugs in QA. In this section, you will learn how to use the Linux command called diff to compare files and folders and review the differences.
Environment Variables are the ones that can impact the sessions logged in by users in Linux. As part of this section, you will be learning details related to Variables, Environment Variables. Also, you will understand how to list all the Environment Variables using Linux commands such env, and how to get a value of a Variable or Environment Variable using the Linux command echo. On top of these things, you will also learn all important aspects related to one of the most important Environment Variables called PATH.
As we gain a decent amount of knowledge related to Linux commands using a single server, it is time for us to explore other important commands such as ssh, scp, pssh, pscp, etc which require more than one Linux System or Server. Also, we need to go through basic networking concepts. To learn commands to interact between the servers as well as to understand basic networking concepts, we will get started with AWS to provision Ubuntu-based virtual machines. These Virtual Machines will be used in the subsequent sections to learn the concepts mentioned earlier as part of this bullet point.
Once we go through the details about getting started with AWS, we will focus on learning all key concepts related to SSH such as sshd daemon, updating ssh config files, and restarting sshd using systemctl or service command. Also, we will go through the details related to passwordless login and also ability to run commands remotely via ssh. We will also understand how to set up parallel ssh and then run commands on multiple Linux systems in parallel.
To be comfortable with learning in a Linux environment, it is very important for one to understand key concepts such as different types of IP Addresses, Port Numbers, relationships between applications and databases with ports, etc. In this section, we will go through all important networking concepts using apache2, MongoDB, etc.
Once we are comfortable with SSH, it is time for us to use tools such as scp which uses ssh under the hood to copy files and folders between the Linux Systems. We will also explore parallel scp to copy files in parallel to multiple target systems from one source system. Also, we will go through the details related to speeding up the copy using different techniques which include submitting multiple scp commands using nohup.
One of the important aspects for any IT Engineer is to troubleshoot the application issues deployed in Linux by reviewing logs generated by applications. After going through scp, you will learn how to troubleshoot issues by using grep and find against log files of the applications deployed on the Linux Server.
To ensure that we can monitor and manage Linux Servers, we not only need to understand how to manage applications and databases in Linux but also need to understand the performance of the applications. For managing applications and databases on a Linux server, one should be familiar with commands such as apt to install applications and systemctl or service to manage the life cycle of applications and databases. To monitor, one should be familiar with commands such as ps, lsof, top, etc. You will learn how to monitor and manage applications as well as databases using examples such as ssh, apache2, mongodb, jupyterlab, etc.
As we learned quite a few commands and tools on Linux, now it is time for us to work on increasing productivity by using appropriate tools, especially for Windows users. You will see the relevance and also how to setup tools such as notepad++, winscp, visual studio code with remote development extension, git tools for Windows, etc.
Organizations will end up having hundreds of servers to support their applications. However, these hundreds of servers need to follow a handful of templates. Using Server Automation tools like Ansible, we should be able to automate the process of configuring a large number of servers using a handful of templates. You will get an overview of Ansible covering some of the core concepts of Ansible such as running commands, inventory, playbooks, variables, roles, etc.
Also, you will understand how to use programming languages like Python to take care of automation by using modules such as os, glob, subprocess, etc.

Basic Linux Commands

Running the first command on Linux
Getting usage of Linux commands using the help
Overview of Files and Folders
Fully Qualified or Absolute Paths and Relative Paths of Files and Folders

Listing files and folders in Linux File System using ls

Overview of ls command to list files and folders in Linux
Setup Files and Folders from GitHub Account to learn Shell Commands
Setup Jupyter Lab to go through help on linux commands
Getting the properties of files and folders using the ls command in Linux
Sorting ls output while listing files in Linux
List files and folders in Linux sorted by time
List files and folders in Linux sorted by size
Overview of Hidden Folders and Files
Listing Hidden Files and Folders in Linux
Listing the files and folders recursively in Linux
Exploring Control Arguments while listing files in Linux
Overview of representation of file sizes
Overview of alias command and ll to list files and folders

Filtering files and folders in Linux File System

Introduction to the filtering files and folders on Linux File System
Accessing Windows Files and Folders from Linux setup using wsl
Overview of grep command
Few basic examples using grep and piping
Overview of Piping while running shell commands
Overview of Basic Pattern Matching
Deep Dive into the wc command to get word count or line count
Overview of the find command to filter files and folders
Understand the behavior of the simplest form of find command in Linux
Using Linux find command to find directories or folders
Using Linux find command to find files by type and pattern
Overview of Standard Directories in Linux
Get the list of files based on the modified time using the Linux find command
Get the list of files based on size using the Linux find command

Processing Data in Files using Linux Commands

Introduction to commands used for processing data in files using Linux
Overview of Different File Formats
Get file format or type using file command in Linux
Preview the data in the text file using head command in Linux
Preview the data in the text file using tail command
Install apache web server on Ubuntu Linux
Generate Apache Logs every second using shell script and nohup
Monitoring Logs using tail command in Linux
Preview the data in the text file using more command
Extract data from files in Linux using cut command
Sort data in files in Linux using sort command
Sort data in files in Linux using sort command based on key and delimiter
Extract Information and Redirect to a file in Linux
Getting Unique Records from File using sort in Linux
Using uniq to get unique values in Linux

Understanding File and Folder Properties

Introduction to Properties of Files and Folders
Understand File and Folder Properties provided by ls command
Understanding Owner of the Files in Linux
Overview of groups associated with files and folders in Linux
Creating Groups in Linux using groupadd
Create users in Linux using useradd command
Specifying bash as the default shell while creating users in Linux
Create Users with Group in Linux
Add users to supplementary or secondary groups in Linux
Overview of File Permissions in Linux
Overview of umask for default permissions on Files and Folders
Permissions on Home Folders for different Linux Users
File and Folder Permissions for Groups and Others
Conclusion for File and Folder Properties using Linux

Managing Files and Folders in Linux

Introduction to Managing Files and Folders in Linux
Generate empty files in Linux using touch command
Creating Directories in Linux using mkdir command
Overview of awk command in Linux
Overview of cp command to copy files in Linux
Using cp command to copy files in Linux
Create multiple folders at once using awk in Linux
Copy files using Patterns in Linux
Automate file copy using awk and cp in linux
Copying folders recursively using cp command in Linux
Copying files using cp while preserving properties in Linux
Moving Files in linux using mv command
Automate file move using awk and mv in linux
Overview of tar command to take the backups
Create backup of files and folders using tar command in linux
Restoring Files and Folders using tar command in Linux
Moving Folders in Linux using mv command
Overview of rm command to remove files from Linux File System
Delete files from Linux File System using rm command
Use alias to delete files interactively from Linux File System
Delete folders from Linux File System using rm command
Restore Data Folder from the tar ball
Delete files using find and rm from Linux file system based on name
Delete files using find and awk from Linux file system based on name
Generate log files for multiple years using touch with patterns
Update timestamp of files based on names in Linux using touch
Delete files using find and rm based on modified time in Linux
Renaming the files and folders in Linux

Basic System Commands in Linux

Introduction to Basic System Commands in Linux
Overview of core components of a computer
Get CPU Details using lscpu command in Linux
Get Memory Details using free on Linux
Get Storage Details using df in Linux
Get Disk Usage Details using du in Linux
Get largest folders and files using du and sort on Linux
Understand Storage Details of Directories using du on Windows
Get storage use of folders and files
Get Storage Details of larger files using find and du

Comparing Files and Folders in Linux using diff

Introduction to comparing files and folders in Linux using diff
Overview of the diff command
Prepare Dataset to explore diff command in Linux
Understand the output of the diff command in Linux
Compare Files Ignoring Blank Lines and White Spaces using diff in Linux
Compare Files Ignoring case using diff in Linux
Unified and Side By Side Comparison using diff in Linux
Compare Folders in Linux using the diff command

Variables and Environment Variables in Linux

Creating and Printing Variables using echo in Linux
Overview of Environment Variables in Linux and env command
Overview of Environment Variables in Windows
Review some of the standard environment variables in Linux
Get the location of commands in linux using which
Review PATH and unset PATH in Linux
Relevance of PATH Environment Variable while running Linux Commands
Overview of Profile and rc in Linux
Create a simple shell script and grant execute permissions in Linux
Update PATH with parent folders of custom applications
Update PATH in profile with parent folders of custom applications

Getting Started with AWS

Introduction to Getting Started with AWS
Signing up for AWS
Overview of AWS Web Console
Overview of AWS EC2 Console or Dashboard
Create AWS EC2 Key Pair using AWS EC2 Console
Create our first AWS EC2 Instance using Ubuntu 20
Login into AWS EC2 Instance using Key Pair
Overview of AWS Free Tier and Pricing
Overview of AWS Web Console Cloud Shell
Overview of AWS EC2 Instance Concepts
Managing AWS EC2 Instances

Overview of SSH to interact with remote servers

Introduction to Overview of SSH to interact with Remote Servers
Create Multiple AWS EC2 Instances
Different Modes of SSH Login to Remote Servers
Understanding Password less login to Remote Server
Overview of SSH Daemons on Remote Servers
Understand SSH Properties Files and Properties
Enabling Password login on Remote Server
Run Commands on Remote Servers using SSH
Connect to Remote Servers from Windows using Powershell as well as wsl
Setup pssh or parallel-ssh on Mac as well as Ubuntu Linux
Run Commands on multiple servers using parallel-ssh or pssh
Run Commands on multiple servers using pssh using the hosts file
Enable Password less login using ssh keys and the ssh-copy-id command
Terminate AWS EC2 Instances used for demo

Basic Networking Concepts using Linux

Introduction to Basic Networking Concepts using Linux
Provision EC2 Instance from AWS
Overview of AWS Security Groups
Overview of Different Types of IP Addresses
Install Apache Webserver on Ubuntu
Update Security Group to access Apache Web Application
Overview of Daemon or Background Processes and Ports
Understanding Structure of IP Address
Overview of DNS Aliases for IP Addresses
Install Jupyter Lab on Ubuntu
Run Jupyter Lab using Localhost
Update Security Group to access Jupyter Lab
Setup Mongo DB on AWS EC2 Instance
Run MongoDB on Universal IP Address
Update Security Group to access Mongo DB
Cleanup AWS EC2 Instance used to demo networking concepts

Copy Files and Folders between Multiple Systems using scp

Introduction to Copying Files and Folders between multiple Linux Systems using scp
Provision of multiple EC2 Instances from AWS
Connect to EC2 Instances using Windows Powershell
Connect to EC2 Instances from Linux on Windows
Prepare Data Sets to explore Copying Files
Overview of scp for secure copy between Multiple Systems
Copy Files using scp between Multiple Systems
Copy Folders using scp between Multiple Systems
Copy Tar Ball or Zip File using scp between Linux Servers
Setup parallel-scp or pscp to copy files to multiple systems
Prepare Target Systems by recreating folders using pssh
Copy Files onto remote machines in parallel using pscp
Copy Folders onto remote machines in parallel using pscp
Overview of Copying Files and Folders between two systems in parallel
Submit Long-Running Applications or Commands in the Background using nohup
Run multiple scp commands in parallel using nohup in Linux
Stop or Terminate AWS EC2 Instances used for the tasks

Troubleshooting Application issues using find and grep in Linux

Introduction to Troubleshooting Applicatin Issues using find and grep in Linux
Review Standard Location for Application Logs on Linux
Setup Log Files to explore grep and find to troubleshoot the issues
Overview of Standard Log Message Format
Quick Review of find command to get log file names based on criteria
Getting help or official documentation or man page on Linux grep command
Overview of Standard Input, output and error
Redirect Linux Command or Program Results to a file
Overview of Null Device in Linux
Redirect stanard output and error to files and null device in Linux
Overview of Case Sensitivity in Linux
Search for error lines from files in Linux using find and grep
Get File Names with errors using grep and find in Linux
Perform Whole Word Search using Grep Command
Search for multiple patterns in the files using find and grep in Linux
Get number of lines with pattern using find and grep in linux
Get line number and output line using grep in Linux
Get additional lines along with error or exception lines using grep in Linux

Monitoring and Managing Linux Servers using System Commands

Introduction to Monitoring and Managing Linux Servers using System Commands
Setup EC2 Instance on AWS using Ubuntu 2
Overview of Managing Softwares on Ubuntu using apt
Install Apache Web Server and Mongodb on Ubuntu
Manage Applications and Databases using systemctl or service command
Start Apache Web Server and Mongodb using systemctl
Overview of Service and its components
Recap of commands to get Linux Server Details
Get CPU or Load Average of Linux Server using uptime command
Overview of ps command to get details about processes on Linux Server
Get details of all the processes running on Linux Server using ps
Get list of processes owned by user on Linux Server using ps
Customize the output of ps command for specific details of processes
Number of processes on Linux Server owned by each user using ps
Get Process Details for a service on Linux Server using ps command
Overview of lsof command to get list of open files on Linux
Get open file details using lsof for a given process id
Get open file details using lsof for a given port number
Get Process Details using lsof command for a given file
Troubleshoot Port Usage on Linux using lsof command
Overview of top command in Linux to get system performance details
Getting help or man page of top command in Linux
Using Command Line Options of top command in LInux
Customize top interactive interface in Linux
Switching between groups in top interactive interface in Linux
Kill Processes using top interactive interface in Linux
Terminate AWS EC2 Instance setup to practice Linux system management commands

Overview of Developer Tools for Linux using Windows

Introduction to Developer Tools for Linux on Windows
Install Notepad++ on Windows
Install WinScp on Windows to access files on remote Linux Servers or Sites
Add Site to WinScp for Password Login into Remote Linux Server
Add Site to WinScp for Passwordless Login into Remote Linux Server
Copying Files between Windows and Remote Linux Systems using WinScp
Opening Files on Remote Machines using WinScp and Notepad++ Locally on Windows
Overview of Advanced Editing Capabilities of Notepad++
Overview of Visual Studio Code on Windows for Remote Development
Install Visual Studio Code on Windows
Install Remote Development Extension Kit for Visual Studio Code
Setup Project on remote machine for remote development using Visual Studio Code
Open Remote Project via SSH using Visual Studio Code
Open Project via WSL using Visual Studio Code
Access Configuration Files on Remote Machines using Visual Studio Code
Install Git and Git Bash on Windows
Install Beyond Compare on Windows
Setup Repository using Git to explore Beyond Compare
Quick Demo of Beyond Compare to compare code base

Overview of Ansible for Server Automation

Introduction to Overview of Ansible for Server Automation
Setup Ansible on Ubuntu 20
Provision EC2 Instances to learn Ansible
Run first command using Ansible on Multiple Instances using inline inventory
Run first command using Ansible on Multiple Instances using inventory file
Update Ansible Hosts Files on AWS EC2 Reboots
Overview of Ansible help, man page and official documentation
Add User and Group Manually in Linux
Add Group on remote instances using ansible
Adding User using Ansible user module on remote servers
Add Folder on remote systems using Ansible file module
Copy authorized keys using Ansible copy module
Setup Project Structure for Ansible Playbooks using Visual Studio Code
Create and Run first ansible playbook
Define Variables for Credentials to run Ansible Playbooks
Develop Ansible Playbook to Mange Users
Getting Started with Developing Ansible Roles
Develop and Validate Ansible Playbook with Role
Adding more tasks to the Ansible Role and Troubleshooting the issues
Create Ansible Playbook with Variables
Using Lists and Loops in Ansible Playbooks
Using Tags to run specific tasks from Playbooks
Update Ansible Role and Playbook with variables and tags
Add Variables under vars folder of Ansible Role
Terminate AWS EC2 Instances used for Ansible Tasks for Server Automation
Conclusion of Overview of Server Automation using Ansible

Overview of Automation using Python on Linux

Introduction to Overview of Automation using Python on Linux
Validate Python and Python Modules such as pip on Ubuntu
Setup and Validate Jupyter Lab on Ubuntu
Create Folder for Notebooks using Jupyter Lab
Overview of getpass module to get username
Running Linux Shell Commands from Jupyter Notebooks
Overview of Python os module
Setup Data Sets for Python and Linux Integration
Overview of Python glob module
Overview of running Linux Commands using subprocess
Sort all files in Linux File System by size using Python
Uncompress all Compressed Files using Python on Linux
Overview of Python Multiprocessing Module
Uncompress Files in Parallel using Python multiprocessing
Add Extension to Files using Python
Overview of Copying Files using Python and scp
Run Commands on Remote Machines using Python and ssh
Copy Files to multiple systems in parallel using Python and scp

Desired Audience

Here is the desired audience for this advanced course.

Experienced application developers to gain expertise related to Linux shell commands
Experienced Data Engineers to gain enough skills related to Linux shell commands
Testers to improve their testing capabilities by using Linux shell commands effectively

Prerequisites

Logistics
Computer with decent configuration (At least 4 GB RAM, however 8 GB is highly desired)
Dual Core is required and Quad-Core is highly desired
Chrome Browser
High-Speed Internet

Who this course is for:

Students who want to learn Linux commands by hands-on practice
Freshers and entry level IT professionals who want to gain the knowledge of Linux commands
Any Software developers such as Python, Java, etc who would like to gain proficiency of Linux Commands
Any Software Testers who would like to gain proficiency related to Linux Commands
This course is designed for all those IT Professionals who frequently work on Linux based Environment
System Administrators, Network Administrators, DevOps Engineers, etc

Requirements

PC or Mac with decent configuration
At least 8 GB RAM, i5 or equivalent processor
CPU with dual core or with higher configuration

Last Updated 6/2022